The Metropolis That Never Was | Future City, Illinois | Small Town Saturday

 

Bruce School in Future City, IL, taken by Jennie Moore

    Hello friends, welcome back to the blog. This week, I want to share with you the community of Future City, Illinois. Future City is located in Alexander County, a part of the "Little Egypt" region of southern Illinois. Founded as a predominantly African American suburb of nearby Cairo, Illinois, Future City first appears on the map in the early 1900s. It was a quickly growing community, and citizens felt optimistic about their young town's future. As a result, the hamlet was given a name that promised prosperity. At this time, neighboring Cairo was experiencing rapid growth, with a population nearing 13,000 by 1900, and exceeding 18,000 in 1905. (I will elaborate further on Cairo in a future series!) This was great news for Future City, and citizens were confident that progress was on the way to their town. 

    Seen in the photo above is Bruce School, the most iconic structure in Future City. Bruce School was opened in 1908, and operated until 1968, according to a local. According to The Cairo Bulletin in 1905, Future City had 200 students attending their schools, nearly all of whom attended the Garrison School. Several newspaper articles reveal that Future City had multiple schools, which were racially segregated, with a separate school being constructed for black pupils in 1907. In 1908, Bruce School was completed and seems to be the first, possibly only school for black children built within Future City proper. The previous school sat about a mile north of town, a long walk for children who were undeserving victims of discrimination. Another school that existed in Future City was Ruth School House, where many residents took shelter after the catastrophic flooding in 1912. Other articles mention schools by the name of Elmwood and Woodside existing around this time as well. In addition, an orphan home would also be opened for black children in Future City.

    After Bruce School's closure, the building would serve as a bar or nightclub under various names and owners for many years. Some of the names associated with the building are the Stork Club, Captain Joe's, The Long Branch Saloon, or Lambert's Lounge. As a nightclub, the former school would build quite the reputation of violence, gambling, and even rumors of prostitution. In spite of this, many locals share fond memories of their time at the nightclub. Some tell of local musicians filling the room with their sweet sound, and dancing until daylight broke. Others recall playing game after game of pool with friends and family. Almost all residents can share fond memories of the owners over the years.

Future City, IL, (Shiloh Baptist Church on far right) taken by Jennie Moore

    Within the first leg of Future City's existence, many amenities came to town, confirming the potential that citizens had seen from the beginning. Future City had homes, churches, stores, gas stations, lodges, and a growing population which had reached 992 in 1905, a 42% increase from the 1900 census. The town saw new jobs, and heavy railroad activity, which included a trolley line that was extended into Future City and neighboring communities. Soon it became apparent that more space for residents was needed, so the village was expanded by adding new streets. Future City was home to The Three States Gun Club, a lumber mill, a steam powered grist mill, and even their own baseball team! By 1910, Future City even had its own mayor, a man by the name of Mr. Kuntz. Things were going according to plan, until one of the things that made Future City so beautiful, turned against its people. 

An article from The Cairo Bulletin from July 19th, 1905.

     Future City, along with neighbor Cairo, sit at the confluence of the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers. The elevation in this peninsula is quite low, only 312 feet in Future City, in contrast to state of Illinois average of about 600 feet. Although great for agriculture thanks to its fertile soil, this region is constantly under the gun, as floods come frequently. In the spring of 1912, tragedy would strike Future City. Flood waters, peaking at 54 feet in Cairo, ravaged the community and left residents sleeping in tents where their homes used to be. Just previous to this, in 1911, a fire consumed two blocks of Future City, destroying four grocery stores and the homes of 25 families. However, the town recovered from the two incidents, was quickly rebuilt, and citizens proved their resilience. Things were looking up, but less than a year would go by before mother nature began to rear her head again.

An article from The Cairo Bulletin, acknowledging local heroes who sprung into action after the flooding in 1912.

        As previously mentioned, Future City and Cairo's location at the confluence of two major rivers, is both a blessing and a curse. The Great Flood of 1913 took place in March of said year, and left behind immense damage in 21 states. From March 23rd to March 27th, most of the Midwest had seen near constant rain. Both the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers would flood, causing catastrophic damage to Ohio and Mississippi Valleys, including many notable cities. The Cairo peninsula being at the meeting point of these two waterways, meant that they were in for double impact. While cities to the north had began seeing flood waters recede on March 28th, waters did not reach peak height in southern Illinois until April 4th-8th, measuring in at a record smashing 54.7 feet in Cairo, which has only been surpassed twice in the 111 years since then. 

Flood of 1913 aftermath in Future City, photographer unknown

    As a result of these events, Future City was left unrecognizable. Cairo faired better, but not by coincidence. During the flood of 1912, the levees around Cairo were compromised. As waters began to rise during The Great Flood of 1913, immediate action was required to preserve the city. Residents of Future City were recruited to assist with sandbagging and reinforcing the levees surrounding Cairo. This would prove to be effective, as Cairo avoided total destruction, but this left a grim fate for defenseless Future City. At this time, 214 structures stood in Future City. As flood waters cascaded into the village, these structures were swept away from their foundations, and deposited messily throughout the landscape. A fleet of motorboats, manned by the Illinois National Guard and led by Cairo's own  mayor, soon arrived in Future City to help. Accounts tell that the National Guard had come with ropes, which were tied around misplaced structures, pulled back into town, and secured to trees to prevent them from floating away once more. Although none were on their correct lots, an impressive 168 of the 214 structures in Future City were saved thanks to their tireless efforts. One waters receded, the structures were able to be moved back to their original locations. Overall, The Great Flood of 1913 was still devastating for Future City, and is often considered the trigger of the town's decline. 

An article from The Cairo Bulletin detailing the flood aftermath as well as reconstruction.

Future City, 1931

    Despite Mother Nature's relentless wrath, the people of Future City persisted. The town never fully recovered from The Great Flood of 1913, but to say Future City's story ends here as many do, would be an injustice. The truth is, although declining, Future City remained populated for decades, and is still home to a handful of families today. Although, it is hard to ignore the deliberate neglect of Future City by local government that had taken place over the course of decades. Future City and surrounding rural areas would be of the last in Illinois to have a mail route implemented. Also, Future City requested for incorporation countless times during the early 1900s, all of which would be denied.

A newspaper article in The Cairo Bulletin from April 26th, 1904, detailing the fight for incorporation.

    An interesting fact about Future City, is that it was never a true stranger to the term "ghost town". During cotton season, a large portion of Future City's population would leave their homes and travel south to pick said cotton for work. As we know, this was extremely labor intensive, and a reminder that black Americans were working on plantations long after the abolishment of slavery. This was mostly due to slim options in the work force as a result of racial discrimination. Even children would partake in the grueling work, with school attendance being noticeably low in active cotton season.

Future City, IL, taken by Jennie Moore

    When researching the people of Future City, something I saw frequently, were draft cards. Several citizens of the town served in the military, especially during World War II. It seems that the children of Future City were instilled with bravery, knowledge, and the desire to help others. When duty called, many from Future City answered that call. We have them, along with the community and culture that raised them, to thank for the freedom we have today. They are among the massive population of African-American veterans that never got the credit and respect they deserve. This honor isn't exclusive to just military however, there have been many upstanding citizens of Future City who had impressive careers.

Donald Lee Purchase (1929-2018), resident of Future City, in Military attire. Purchase was only 18 years old when enlisted to fight in WWII. He is laid to rest at Jefferson Barracks.

Dr. Nathel "Nat" Burtley (1940-2020), resident of Future City, pictured in the 1962 Southern Illinois University yearbook. Burtley later relocated to Flint, Michigan, where he served as the Superintendent for Flint Community Schools District.

Rev. Harold (1909-2000) and Helen (1913-1975) Clemons. Harold was born in Future City, and Helen was from Southern Illinois as well. Harold served in the Military during World War II, was a trucker, and also owned & worked "Harold Clemons Dairy" in the Cairo area at the time he joined the military in 1940. 

The Cawood (sometimes spelled Caywood) Family, from left to right; Sarah "Sadie" (1889- unknown, but no earlier than 1950), Jacob Nelson (1861-1940), Eliza Ellen (1864-1942) (Stewart) Cawood. Sarah is the daughter of Jacob and Eliza. The Cawoods were originally from Indiana, but made the move to Future City sometime between 1900 and 1920. Jacob Cawood was a teamster (an early version of a trucker), among other labor intensive jobs. The couple resided in Future City until their deaths in the early 1940s.

    Today, Future City is quiet, with little to show for its once thriving past. However, anyone from a small community like Future City, knows that the true town identity lies in its people. Future City tells an account of perseverance, community, and the fight for racial equality. It is in places like these where we see the heart, strength, and resilience of black Americans. These communities hold the key to the progress we have seen in the past century, and should be a motivator for us to push for the progress we still have yet to gain. Places like Future City were only the beginning, and we still have so far to go. Let us learn from their stories, to push for an even better, equal, and safe future in America for all.

Thebes Courthouse - Thebes, Illinois | Landmark Landing

 

Thebes Courthouse, taken by Jennie Moore

    Hello everyone, and welcome back to the blog! Today I bring you to the "Little Egypt" area of Southern Illinois, to share with you a place that I only learned of thanks to a small roadside sign. Sitting proudly on a hill overlooking the Mississippi River, is the Thebes Courthouse in Thebes, Alexander County, Illinois. I travel through this area occasionally, and I noticed some time ago, the small sign that reads "Thebes Courthouse" along with an arrow, on the side of Illinois Highway 3. This always confused me, as I knew the county seat of Alexander County is Cairo. I decided to do some research, and realized this is a place I must see. When my mother and I were traveling to Tennessee in 2023, I pointed out the sign to her as we passed and mentioned that I'd like to visit. Without hesitation she made a right turn into the small village of Thebes. After navigating a few winding streets and following the occasional signs, we reached the impressive structure. The road and parking is in the rear of the courthouse, but the breathtaking view comes when you make the walk to the front.

Rear of Thebes Courthouse, taken by Jennie Moore

    

Since 1860, Cairo, Alexander County's only city, has been the county seat. However it was not the first, not the second, not even the third, but the fourth county seat that Alexander County has had since its creation. Alexander County was formed in 1819, and originally included what we know today as Pulaski County. There, a small town called "America" in the spirit of patriotism, was selected to be the county seat the same year. America would serve as the county seat until 1833, when it was decided that the county seat should instead be the newly founded and promising community of Unity. Unity residents had a courthouse built for $270, and the town prospered for nearly a decade. Unfortunately, in 1842, a fire consumed the Unity Courthouse and it's precious documents inside. It's approximate location was 37º08'59"N89º16'22"W. In 1845, it was decided once again to move the county seat, this time, to the riverside village of Thebes.

Thebes Courthouse, taken by Jennie Moore

    Settled in the early 19th century, Thebes, Illinois quickly became an important steamboat port due to its prime location on the Mississippi River, and the river's deep waters in this area. Plans began on the Thebes Courthouse in 1845, with Thebes being officially designated as the Alexander County seat in 1846. In 1848, construction on the courthouse is complete, and it is a standout structure. The style is Southern Greek Revival, (a personal favorite) and the architect is L.L. Lightner. The contractor is Henry Ernst Barkhausen, who built the courthouse for $4,400. Its walls are made of sandstone, and its large pillars leave a bold first impression on those arriving on the river. This courthouse has been touched by greatness, with visitors such as Abraham Lincoln during his time as a frontier lawyer. Other reports tell of Dred Scott, an enslaved man and history making black rights activist, being imprisoned in the Thebes Courthouse dungeon. If only these walls could talk.

Dyer Cabin, taken by Jennie Moore

    Also on the Thebes Courthouse grounds, is this quaint historic cabin. This cabin originally sat on Pigeon Roost Road in Thebes, and was built sometime around 1880 by William and Nancy Dyer. William and Nancy's great grandchild just so happens to be a member of the Thebes Historical Society! When given the opportunity to preserve the cabin, the answer had to be yes. The cabin was carefully dismantled, moved, and reconstructed piece by piece at its present day home overlooking the mighty Mississippi. This was made possible by the love and passion of the people of Thebes. Many volunteered, and the project has been a great success. The society says the cabin is intended to be a tool for education, and I think that is wonderful. Projects like these are made possible mainly through donations. If you would like to donate to the Thebes Historical Society, you can mail donations, made out to Thebes Historical Society, to this address: 26086 Rock Springs Rd., Thebes, IL 62990. 

Myself in front of the Thebes Bridge, taken by my mom.

    Another historic structure that can be admired from the courthouse grounds is the Thebes Bridge. Thebes Bridge is a railroad trestle, a five span cantilever truss bridge, to be exact. The bridge spans across the Mississippi River, connecting the small community of Illmo, Missouri to Thebes, Illinois. Opened in 1905, Thebes Bridge has been carrying vital rail traffic over the rushing waters for more than a century. Just as Thebes was an important steamboat port, Thebes was also a notable railroad hub, even for years after it's title of county seat was stripped away. Prior to the bridge's construction, rail cars had to be taken by ferry over the river, a huge slow down for the railroad. Thebes Bridge was a game changer. It is 3,910 feet in length, and at the time of construction, was the only railroad bridge across the Mississippi River from St. Louis, Missouri to Memphis, Tennessee. 

    If you ever find yourself cruising on Illinois Highway 3, take the extra time to stop and visit this small village with deep history. Although population has heavily declined in Thebes, there is a strong sense of community among those who want to preserve their history. Today the Thebes Courthouse serves as the Thebes Historical Society HQ, and a museum. Places like Thebes deserve to be cared about, and now you and I can do just that! Thank you for reading, as always.

Ullin, Illinois | Historic Depots

 

Historic Depot and Caboose in Ullin, IL taken by Jennie Moore

    Hello all, and welcome to a new series on the blog where we will cover one of America's most recognizable relics, the railroad depot. With thousands scattered across the country, the railroad depot has become a symbol of American life, tradition, and progress. Found in the smallest of villages to the largest of cities, the architecture and design of these buildings are a stand out within their communities. The first depot we will cover in this series, I came across by chance when traveling back from Paducah, Kentucky. While making our way through southern Illinois, we passed through the village of Ullin, and to my surprise saw this beautifully restored depot and caboose. Needless to say, I asked Walter to pull over.

    Ullin was first established around 1854, when the Illinois Central Railroad laid their line through the area. An original depot was built in 1854, but no longer exists. Another would be built in 1863, though it would meet the same fate as the first. The location of these former structures is approximately where the parking area for the current depot is today. The current depot was constructed in 1897, and provided both freight and passenger service. Ullin was a prominent exporter of limestone, lumber, and produce in it's day. After the great Chicago fire on October 8-10, 1871, lumber was sent from Ullin to help rebuilt the city of Chicago. Also among the depot's purposes, it served as a telegraph station.

    It is somewhat common to hear of historic buildings being moved to another location to be preserved, but have you heard of such buildings being moved back to its original location years later? I had not, until I began researching the Ullin Depot. After the discontinuation of passenger and freight service in Ullin, the Illinois Central Railroad sold the depot to Wilborn Goines sometime around 1970. In 1972, Mr. Goines would sell the depot to William Bruchhauser, who owned Ullin's Phoenix Flour Mill. Bruchhauser had the depot moved to the mill site, where it was used as a warehouse. After a devastating fire at the mill in 1979, William Bruchhauser relocated his business, and with the depot being deemed too expensive to move, it was left behind.

Historic Depot and Caboose in Ullin, IL taken by Jennie Moore

    An important note is that the Phoenix Flour Mill was located near the railroad tracks, and when the depot was relocated, it was placed on Illinois Central Railroad's property that was being leased to William Bruchhauser. Therefore when the depot was abandoned and the lease ran out, ownership of the building returned to the Illinois Central Railroad. After some time, I.C.R.R. shared their plans to demolish the structure, which quickly received pushback by the Ullin Village Board and the Ullin Civic Club. I.C.R.R. responded to the villages concerns with an offer, one month to move the depot, or it would be destroyed. Amazingly, the village came together, and made a miracle happen. The Village of Ullin was able to purchase the trackside former location of the depot, and soon, the building was on the move. On December 3rd, 1997, 100 years after its construction, Ullin's depot would be taken back home to its original site for restoration. 

    The same year, the city of Ullin would pass an ordinance to protect the depot, and acknowledge it as a community landmark. In 2012, the depot would also become Ullin's library, and village hall. This small structure has had quite the journey over the years, and is still adding to its resume of purposes. I love a story in which a community comes together to save what is theirs, and Ullin is a beautiful example of that. For a deep dive on the Ullin Depot, including much more information and several photos, I recommend reading this great piece by Historic Structures, by clicking here. Thank you all for reading, and I hope you enjoy this series as much as I do!